A 20-gallon aquarium is a perfect size for hobbyists looking to create a balanced and manageable aquatic environment. It offers enough space to house a variety of species, from small freshwater fish to certain saltwater species. As a popular choice among aquarists, understanding the weight of a 20-gallon tank is crucial for setting up your aquarium safely and effectively.
The weight of the tank impacts its placement, the type of stand you’ll need, and even the floor space it will occupy. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned aquarium enthusiast, comprehending the nuances of tank weight is essential to avoid costly mistakes and ensure a safe, thriving aquarium setup.
A 20-gallon tank is often the go-to choice for those looking to start their aquarium journey. It’s large enough to offer space for a variety of fish but not so large that it becomes too challenging to manage. However, when considering a tank for your aquarium, one of the most important factors to account for is its weight—this is especially true when it’s filled with water, substrate, and decorations. Many new hobbyists overlook the weight aspect, but it’s critical for proper setup and maintenance.
In this article, we’ll explore the different factors that influence the weight of a 20-gallon tank, such as its material (glass or acrylic), the type of substrate used (sand or gravel), and the additional equipment (such as filters, heaters, and lights). We’ll also provide detailed insights into the different types of 20-gallon tanks available, how the weight affects your aquarium setup, and tips for choosing the right tank based on your needs.
What Is A 20 Gallon Tank?
A 20-gallon tank refers to the total volume of water it can hold, which is approximately 75.7 liters. While this measurement gives us an idea of how much water the tank holds, it doesn’t account for the weight of the tank itself, the substrate, decorations, or any other accessories added to the setup. When filled, a 20-gallon tank can be quite heavy, so understanding the weight distribution is crucial for setting up your aquarium safely and securely.
Water Volume and Weight
To start, water is heavy—one gallon of water weighs approximately 8.34 lbs (3.78 kg). Therefore, the weight of the water in a fully filled 20-gallon tank is about 166.8 lbs (75.6 kg). This is just the weight of the water itself. When you add substrate (such as sand or gravel), decorations (like rocks, plants, or driftwood), and equipment (such as filters, heaters, and lighting), the weight of the tank will increase significantly.
Substrate and Decorations
The substrate material you use can also impact the overall weight. Sand, for example, is heavier than gravel, and using a thicker layer of substrate will add more weight. Similarly, decorations such as rocks and plants will also contribute to the tank’s weight. If you’re setting up a planted tank, you might need heavier substrates and additional decorations, which can further increase the total weight.
Equipment
Don’t forget about the additional equipment needed for a fully functional aquarium. The weight of a filtration system, lighting, heaters, and air pumps can range from 5-15 lbs (2.3-6.8 kg), depending on the brand and size of the equipment. These components, while essential for maintaining a healthy aquatic environment, add to the overall weight of the tank, making it even more important to account for when planning your setup.
Types of 20 Gallon Tanks
When considering a 20-gallon tank, it’s important to note that there are different types and designs available. These can influence not only the weight but also the overall functionality and aesthetic of your setup. The two most common types of 20-gallon tanks are the 20-gallon high tank and the 20-gallon long tank, but acrylic tanks are also available, providing additional options.
1. 20 Gallon High Tank
- Dimensions: 24″ L x 12″ W x 16″ H (61 cm L x 30.5 cm W x 40.6 cm H)
- Material: Glass or Acrylic
- Weight: Approximately 25 lbs (11.34 kg) when empty
- Structure: The 20-gallon high tank has a taller design, which gives it more vertical space. This type of tank is ideal for fish species that prefer to swim vertically, such as angelfish, tetras, or certain types of bettas. While the extra height can provide more space for aquatic plants and fish, it also means that more water pressure is exerted on the tank’s base.
2. 20 Gallon Long Tank
- Dimensions: 30″ L x 12″ W x 12″ H (76.2 cm L x 30.5 cm W x 30.5 cm H)
- Material: Glass or Acrylic
- Weight: Around 25 lbs (11.34 kg) when empty
- Structure: The 20-gallon long tank offers more horizontal space, which is better for fish species that prefer to swim along the tank’s length, such as bottom dwellers like catfish or species that thrive in schools. The longer design also gives aquarists more flexibility in decorating the tank and arranging plants and rocks to mimic natural environments.
3. Acrylic 20 Gallon Tank
- Dimensions: Varies, but similar to glass tanks
- Material: Acrylic
- Weight: Typically around 15-20 lbs (6.8-9.07 kg) when empty
- Structure: Acrylic tanks are lighter than glass tanks, making them easier to move and handle. They are also more impact-resistant and less likely to crack compared to glass. However, acrylic tanks can be more prone to scratching, so proper maintenance and care are necessary to keep them looking their best. Acrylic is also more flexible, allowing for tanks with curved or custom shapes.
How Much Does A 20 Gallon Tank Weigh?
Now that we understand the different types of 20-gallon tanks, let’s take a closer look at how much a fully set-up tank will weigh.
Water Weight
Water is by far the heaviest component of an aquarium setup. As mentioned earlier, 1 gallon of water weighs approximately 8.34 lbs (3.78 kg). Therefore, a fully filled 20-gallon tank will contain 166.8 lbs (75.6 kg) of water.
Substrate Weight
The substrate, such as gravel or sand, also adds weight to the tank. The weight of the substrate depends on the type used and the thickness of the layer. Typically, substrate can add between 30-50 lbs (13.6-22.7 kg) to the total weight. For a more dense substrate like sand, the weight will be on the higher end of the spectrum, while lighter gravel will add less weight.
Decorations and Equipment
- Decorations: Rocks, plants, and driftwood can add between 10-20 lbs (4.5-9.07 kg) depending on their size and material.
- Equipment: The weight of equipment such as filters, heaters, and lighting typically adds an additional 5-10 lbs (2.3-4.5 kg) to the overall setup.
Total Weight
In total, a fully set-up 20-gallon tank will weigh anywhere from 200 lbs (90.7 kg) to 250 lbs (113.4 kg) or more, depending on the materials used, the amount of substrate, decorations, and equipment added.
Comparison Table: 20 Gallon Tank Weights
The following table provides a detailed comparison of various types of 20-gallon tanks, including their empty and filled weights, as well as other key features:
| Tank Type | Empty Weight (lbs) | Empty Weight (kg) | Filled Weight (lbs) | Filled Weight (kg) | Material | Features | Price Range (USD) | Durability | Ease of Setup |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glass 20 Gallon High | 25 | 11.34 | 225 | 102.1 | Glass | Taller design, ideal for vertical swimmers | $50 – $100 | High | Moderate |
| Glass 20 Gallon Long | 25 | 11.34 | 225 | 102.1 | Glass | Horizontal space for bottom dwellers | $50 – $100 | High | Moderate |
| Acrylic 20 Gallon | 15 | 6.8 | 200 | 90.7 | Acrylic | Lightweight, impact-resistant, easy to move | $70 – $120 | Very High | Easy |
| 20 Gallon Starter Kit | 26 | 11.79 | 235 | 106.6 | Glass | Includes filter, heater, and lighting | $80 – $150 | High | Easy |
Standard Dimensions/Height Of A 20 Gallon Tank in Different Regions
| Region | Tank Type | Dimensions (inches) | Dimensions (cm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| USA | 20 Gallon High | 24″ L x 12″ W x 16″ H | 61 x 30.5 x 40.6 |
| USA | 20 Gallon Long | 30″ L x 12″ W x 12″ H | 76.2 x 30.5 x 30.5 |
| UK | 20 Gallon High | 24″ L x 12″ W x 16″ H | 61 x 30.5 x 40.6 |
| UK | 20 Gallon Long | 30″ L x 12″ W x 12″ H | 76.2 x 30.5 x 30.5 |
Basics of A 20 Gallon Tank Weight
Understanding the basic elements that contribute to a 20-gallon tank’s weight is important for planning your aquarium setup. Here are some key takeaways:
- Water: At 8.34 lbs per gallon, water is the primary contributor to the weight of the tank.
- Substrate: Sand is denser than gravel and contributes to the overall weight. Adding a thicker layer increases the weight further.
- Tank Material: Glass is heavier than acrylic. Acrylic tanks, while slightly more expensive, are lighter and easier to move.
- Decorations and Equipment: Both decorative elements and the necessary aquarium equipment contribute additional weight.
Factors Influencing A 20 Gallon Tank Weight
When setting up a 20-gallon aquarium, the weight of the tank is not just about the volume of water it holds, but also the materials and components that make up the setup. Several factors influence the overall weight, from the type of water used to the substrate and decorations. In this section, we’ll explore the key elements that contribute to the weight of a 20-gallon tank and how each factor can affect the total mass.
1. Water Type: Saltwater vs Freshwater
One of the most significant factors affecting the weight of a 20-gallon tank is the type of water it holds.
Saltwater is Denser than Freshwater
- Freshwater: Freshwater has a density of approximately 1 g/cm³ (gram per cubic centimeter). This means that 1 gallon of freshwater weighs around 8.34 lbs (3.78 kg).
- Saltwater: Saltwater, due to the dissolved salts and minerals, is denser than freshwater. The density of saltwater typically ranges from 1.025 g/cm³ to 1.030 g/cm³, depending on the salinity. As a result, the weight of 1 gallon of saltwater is approximately 8.6 lbs (3.9 kg), slightly heavier than freshwater.
How This Affects Weight
- Saltwater Aquariums: If you’re setting up a 20-gallon saltwater tank, the weight of the water will increase accordingly. A fully filled 20-gallon saltwater tank would weigh around 172 lbs (78 kg), compared to the 166.8 lbs (75.6 kg) of a freshwater tank.
- Freshwater Aquariums: Freshwater tanks will still be heavy, but they are generally lighter than saltwater setups, allowing for slightly easier handling and placement.
2. Substrate: Gravel vs Sand
The type of substrate you choose for your aquarium can dramatically impact the weight of the tank. Substrate, which can include materials like gravel, sand, or other ornamental media, acts as the foundation of your tank, supporting plants and creating a natural environment for fish.
Gravel as Substrate
- Weight of Gravel: Gravel, a common choice for freshwater aquariums, is lighter than sand. A typical layer of gravel in a 20-gallon tank may add between 20-30 lbs (9-13.6 kg), depending on the thickness of the substrate layer.
- Granule Size: The size of the gravel particles also plays a role. Larger, coarser gravel is generally lighter because it contains more air between the particles.
Sand as Substrate
- Weight of Sand: Sand, especially fine sand or marine sand, is denser and heavier than gravel. A similar layer of sand in a 20-gallon tank could add around 30-50 lbs (13.6-22.7 kg), depending on the thickness.
- Type of Sand: Marine sand, which is used in saltwater aquariums, is typically heavier than freshwater aquarium sand. If you’re setting up a marine tank, you’ll likely end up with a heavier substrate.
Substrate Thickness
- The thickness of the substrate layer is another important factor. A thick layer, often used for planted tanks, will weigh more than a thinner layer. For instance, a thin gravel layer may add only 20 lbs (9 kg), while a thick sand layer can add over 50 lbs (22.7 kg). The type of plants or animals you plan to house may also dictate how deep the substrate layer should be.
How This Affects Weight
- Gravel Substrate: Generally lighter, especially for smaller or less densely stocked tanks.
- Sand Substrate: Heavier and more suited for tanks housing bottom-dwelling species like catfish, or for saltwater aquariums where sand helps recreate a more natural environment.
3. Decorations: Rocks, Plants, and Ornaments
Decorations are not only important for aesthetics but also play a role in the total weight of your aquarium. From large rocks to tiny ornaments, each piece can contribute significantly to the weight.
Types of Decorations
- Rocks: Rocks are often used in aquariums for aesthetic purposes and to provide hiding spaces for fish. Types of rocks such as lava rock, slate, and river rocks can add considerable weight. For example, 5-10 lbs (2.3-4.5 kg) of rocks can easily be added to your 20-gallon setup, depending on their size and type.
- Driftwood: Driftwood is a popular addition to aquariums, particularly for freshwater setups. It adds a natural touch, but it’s lighter than rocks. A medium-sized piece of driftwood can add around 3-10 lbs (1.4-4.5 kg).
- Plastic or Live Plants: While plastic plants are lighter, live plants can contribute some weight, especially if they are rooted in a heavier substrate or if the tank requires larger rocks to hold them in place. On average, plants can add around 2-5 lbs (0.9-2.3 kg) to your tank setup.
- Decorative Items: Ornaments such as castles, figurines, or artificial decorations might not be as heavy as rocks but can still add a significant amount of weight. Depending on their material (ceramic, resin, etc.), they can weigh anywhere from 1-5 lbs (0.5-2.3 kg).
How This Affects Weight
- More Decorations = More Weight: The more decorations you add, the heavier the tank will be. Larger rocks and ornaments can quickly increase the weight, especially in tanks designed to mimic natural habitats or biotopes.
- Functional vs. Aesthetic Decorations: Items that are functional (such as rocks providing hiding spaces) tend to add more weight compared to purely aesthetic pieces. However, if you choose heavier decorative items or a large number of them, the overall weight will increase significantly.
4. Equipment: Filters, Heaters, and Lighting
The equipment you install in your aquarium is essential for maintaining a healthy environment for your aquatic pets. While these items don’t contribute as much to the weight as the water or substrate, they still add an extra layer of mass to your tank.
Filtration System
- Filters are a must-have for any tank, as they help maintain water quality. A standard filter for a 20-gallon tank can weigh around 1-3 lbs (0.45-1.4 kg), depending on the type and brand.
- Powerheads or canister filters can be a bit heavier, while internal filters are lighter and easier to install.
Heaters
- A heater is necessary for maintaining the water temperature, especially in freshwater or saltwater tanks where temperature consistency is critical. Heaters typically add around 1-2 lbs (0.45-0.9 kg).
Lighting
- Lighting is important for plants, fish, and maintaining the overall aesthetic. While aquarium lights may vary in size and power, they typically add around 1-3 lbs (0.45-1.4 kg). Stronger lighting systems, particularly those with integrated filters or UV sterilizers, can weigh a bit more.
How This Affects Weight
While these components might not seem heavy individually, they can add a cumulative weight of around 5-10 lbs (2.3-4.5 kg) to your overall setup. For tanks with advanced filtration or high-powered lighting, this number could be higher.
Summary: How These Factors Add Up
As you can see, a variety of elements influence the overall weight of a 20-gallon tank.
- Water type has the most significant impact, with saltwater setups weighing more than freshwater setups.
- Substrate choices like sand or gravel can dramatically alter the weight, especially when thickness and type are considered.
- Decorations like rocks, plants, and ornaments add both aesthetic value and weight to the tank. The more intricate the decor, the heavier the tank will be.
- Aquarium equipment—filters, heaters, and lights—may not add as much as the other components, but they still contribute a notable amount of weight.
When setting up a 20-gallon tank, be sure to account for all these factors to ensure that the tank’s total weight is manageable and that your aquarium stand or surface is adequately rated for the load. With careful planning, you can enjoy a thriving aquarium while keeping everything safe and secure.
Why A 20 Gallon Tank Weight Matters
Understanding the weight of your 20-gallon tank is crucial for several reasons, particularly regarding placement and stability. A heavy tank is not something you want to leave to chance when it comes to safety and support.
Choosing the Right Stand
One of the most important factors in tank setup is choosing the right stand. Not all stands are built to support the significant weight of a fully set-up tank. A stand must be sturdy enough to handle the combined weight of the tank, water, substrate, decorations, and equipment. If your stand is not properly rated to handle the weight, there’s a risk that it could collapse or buckle over time, which could lead to accidents and damage.
Floor Considerations
If you’re placing your tank on a floor, it’s essential to ensure that the surface can bear the weight. Most floors in homes can handle the weight of a 20-gallon tank, but it’s still worth considering the type of flooring you have. For example, concrete floors are typically stronger than wood floors. In apartments or upper-story rooms, it may be wise to double-check whether the floor can support the combined weight, especially if you’re placing a large setup with multiple tanks or heavy decorations.
Safety
A 20-gallon tank, when filled with water, can be quite heavy—potentially over 200 lbs (90.7 kg). Having a stable and secure environment for your tank minimizes the risk of it tipping over, cracking, or being damaged. Ensuring the proper weight distribution is key to keeping the tank safe from potential accidents, spills, or harm to pets or children.
How Much Does A 20 Gallon Tank Cost?
The cost of a 20-gallon tank can vary widely depending on the material, type, and accessories included. Here’s a breakdown:
Glass Tanks
A standard 20-gallon glass tank typically costs between $50 and $100. These tanks are usually the most affordable option. Glass is durable and provides a crystal-clear view, though it’s heavier compared to acrylic. Additionally, glass tanks are prone to cracking or breaking if not properly handled, so extra care is needed during setup and maintenance.
Acrylic Tanks
Acrylic tanks are generally more expensive, ranging from $70 to $120. They are lighter, more impact-resistant, and less likely to crack compared to glass. However, they can scratch more easily, and some users find that maintaining a spotless appearance requires more frequent cleaning. Acrylic tanks are ideal if you’re planning to move your tank around or need a lighter setup.
Starter Kits
If you’re new to the aquarium hobby, starter kits might be the best choice for you. These kits, which include the tank, filter, heater, and sometimes lighting, typically range from $80 to $150. The cost depends on the brand and the accessories included. Starter kits are convenient because they provide everything you need to start your aquarium setup right away.
Applications and Uses of A 20 Gallon Tank
A 20-gallon tank is highly versatile and can be used for a variety of aquatic environments. Here are some common applications:
Freshwater Aquariums
One of the most popular uses for a 20-gallon tank is setting up a freshwater aquarium. You can house a range of fish species, from bettas and goldfish to tetras, guppies, and cichlids. It’s a great choice for beginners due to its manageable size and ease of maintenance.
Saltwater Aquariums
Though a 20-gallon tank is smaller than most saltwater setups, it’s still large enough to accommodate a small saltwater ecosystem. You can keep species such as clownfish, gobies, or even small corals with the right setup. However, saltwater tanks require more maintenance due to the complexity of their water chemistry and the need for specialized equipment.
Terrariums and Vivariums
In addition to aquatic habitats, a 20-gallon tank can be converted into a terrarium or vivarium for land-based species. Reptiles, amphibians, and even certain plant setups can thrive in a tank like this. With the right modifications, such as heating and proper ventilation, a 20-gallon tank can house frogs, lizards, snakes, and even hermit crabs.
Axolotls
Axolotls, a type of salamander, thrive in a 20-gallon tank. These creatures are fully aquatic and require plenty of space to swim and explore. A 20-gallon tank provides enough room for one or more axolotls, with space for hiding places, plants, and a gentle filter.
How to Choose a 20 Gallon Tank Based on Weight
When selecting a 20-gallon tank, it’s important to consider how the weight of the tank will fit into your home. Here’s how to make an informed choice:
Total Weight Consideration
You must account for the weight of the tank, water, substrate, decorations, and equipment. A full tank can weigh 200-250 lbs (90.7-113.4 kg), so ensure that the stand and floor can support this weight. Choose a tank that matches the weight capacity of the space you have.
Material Selection
Glass tanks are heavier but durable, making them suitable for long-term setups. Acrylic tanks are lighter and shatter-resistant, offering more flexibility, but can be more prone to scratching. If weight is a concern, acrylic might be the better option.
Purpose and Setup Type
Consider your intended setup—are you creating a simple freshwater tank, a planted aquarium, or a more complex saltwater setup? A 20-gallon high tank might be better for vertical swimmers, while a long tank could be ideal for bottom dwellers. Select the tank that best suits your chosen species and aesthetic preferences.
How Much Does A 20 Gallon Tank Hold?
The water volume of a 20-gallon tank is exactly that—20 gallons (75.7 liters) of water. The weight of the water alone is approximately 166.8 lbs (75.6 kg). However, this weight is only part of the equation, as other components like substrate and decorations contribute to the total weight.
Substrate Weight
The weight of the substrate (gravel, sand, or other materials) will vary, with sand typically being denser than gravel. A thicker substrate layer can significantly add to the weight, potentially adding another 30-50 lbs (13.6-22.7 kg) or more, depending on how much you use.
Decorations and Equipment
Additional decorations, plants, rocks, and equipment (such as heaters, filters, and lighting) will further increase the total weight. Equipment alone can add 5-15 lbs (2.3-6.8 kg) or more, so it’s important to factor in all components when calculating the total weight of a fully set-up tank.
Conclusion
A 20-gallon tank offers a manageable size for aquarists who want to create a thriving aquatic environment without the heavy lifting required for larger tanks. However, understanding the weight of a fully set-up 20-gallon tank is crucial for making informed decisions about tank placement, stands, and floor capacity. By factoring in the weight of water, substrate, decorations, and equipment, you can ensure that your tank setup is safe, stable, and properly supported. Whether you choose a glass or acrylic tank, a long or high design, the 20-gallon size is versatile enough to suit a wide range of aquatic setups and species.
Fun Facts
- Perfect for Small Species: Ideal for species like goldfish, bettas, and tetras.
- Customizable: Easy to design according to your preferences, with plenty of room for creativity in setup.
- Easy to Maintain: Larger than nano tanks but still manageable for regular maintenance and water changes.
- Space-Saving: The 20-gallon tank offers ample space without overwhelming your home.